Established Monetizers, Funded Plaintiffs, and Inventor-Controlled NPEs Targeted E‑Commerce and Software in Q3

The top market sector for NPE litigation in Q3 2025 was E-Commerce and Software, accounting for 41% of the defendants added to patent litigation campaigns during the quarter. Consumer Electronics and PCs saw the second highest amount of NPE litigation in Q3, followed by Networking, Financial Services, and Mobile Communications and Devices.

Among the NPEs that filed E-Commerce and Software litigation this past quarter were several linked to established monetization firms. One was Fortuna IP, LLC, a Dominion Harbor Enterprises, LLC plaintiff that in mid-September launched a new campaign targeting casino gaming machines that support certain rewards programs. In early August, Equitable IP Corporation also kicked off a campaign over branded contactless consumer credit cards through plaintiff Induction Devices LLC. Additionally, several NPEs associated with Dynamic IP Deals, LLC (d/b/a DynaIP) and affiliated entity Pueblo Nuevo LLC filed suits in this sector in Q3: Throughout September, MISSED CALL, LLC added a trio of cases to its ongoing campaign, tagging communication platforms that notify users of missed calls; in late August, Random Chat LLC filed another complaint over customer support chat services; and throughout July, Wolverine Barcode IP LLC also continued to file cases against providers of mobile apps with QR code support. Moreover, in mid-July, Texas monetization firm Empire IP LLC added another case to its campaign targeting augmented reality features for viewing virtual items within a physical room. Additionally, Artificial Intelligence Industry Association, Inc. (AIIA), which describes itself as having a membership-based “cooperative” licensing model, filed its first infringement cases throughout August and September—alleging infringement through a variety of products that use synthetic image generation for machine learning, among other functionality.

Also joining the fray were at least two plaintiffs with litigation funding: In late August, plaintiff Vusura Technology LLC began a new campaign over contact center systems, litigation that public records reveal is backed by a funder linked to several other plaintiffs. Furthermore, plaintiff SitNet LLC brought its second complaint in July with the backing of a prominent litigation funder, targeting social media emergency response and advertising functionality.

Additionally focusing on E-Commerce and Software litigation this past quarter were a variety of plaintiffs associated with notable individuals active in the patent assertion space. In particular, one patent monetization professional who appears to be linked to a growing number of NPE plaintiffs was apparently behind several plaintiffs hitting the sector in Q3: ContactWave LLC, which in late September filed a new wave of cases in its ongoing campaign targeting various e-commerce platforms and related advertising services; CheckWizard LLC, which in late August filed a second round in its campaign targeting mobile check depositing within banking apps; and Querytron LLC, which in late July brought a wave of complaints over various business-to-business e-commerce platforms.

A variety of inventor-controlled NPEs hit the E-Commerce and Software space in the third quarter as well—including EasyWeb Innovations, LLC, which in mid-September filed a case over certain social media authentication functionality, asserting the newest-issued patent from a family previously gutted by Alice. Also targeting a social media platform was Florida plaintiff Search & Share Technologies LLC, which in early September began its first campaign over functionality related to content search and ranking. ToutVirtual, Inc., also in early September, initiated a campaign over cloud computing technology and related management software. In late August, inventor-controlled Yopima LLC added a new round of cases against delivery and/or rideshare mobile apps with device location tracking functionality. Additionally in August, inventor-controlled H.S. Treasure Contacts Ltd filed a pair of complaints (see here and here) over mobile apps with features for sending app download links to prospective users; while Joto, Inc. filed its first litigation, with e-commerce platform features for recommending items for sale or events, as well as for providing targeted advertising, at issue.

See RPX’s third-quarter review for more on the key trends that shaped patent litigation in Q3 2025.